The earliest known examples of printed bookplates are German, and date from the 15th century. However, in their modern form, they evolved from simple inscriptions in books which were common in Europe in the Middle Ages, when various other forms of "librarianship" became widespread (such as the use of class-marks, call numbers, or shelfmarks). The earliest known marks of ownership of books or documents date from the reign of Amenophis III in Egypt (1391−1353 BCE). The bookplate of the Swedish and Norwegian king Oscar II. In the United States, bookplates replaced book rhymes (which replaced book curses) after the 19th century. Ink stamps directly stamped on the books are not considered as bookplates by bibliophiles since they degrade the books and make them lose their market value (hence their use by public libraries, to dissuade theft). The engraved copper matrix is then printed with an intaglio press on paper, and the resulting print can be pasted into the book to indicate ownership. The most traditional technique used to make bookplates is burin engraving. Bookplates are important evidence for the provenance of books. The name of the owner usually follows an inscription such as "from the books of." or "from the library of.", or in Latin, " ex libris". īookplates often bear a motif relating to the book's owner, such as a coat-of-arms, crest, badge, motto, or a design commissioned from an artist or designer. Simple typographical bookplates are termed "book labels". The tablet is an ancient Roman tabula ansata.Īn Ex Libris (from ex-librīs, Latin for 'from the books (or library)'), also known as a bookplate (or book-plate, as it was commonly styled until the early 20th century), is a printed or decorative label pasted into a book, often on the front endpaper, to indicate ownership. "εἰς φάος" is Greek for "Toward the Light". George Bancroft's bookplate and signature.
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